School desegregation order from 1966 ended by Justice Department: What to know
FILE - A classroom interior, circa 1960s. (Photo by H. Armstrong Roberts/Retrofile/Getty Images)
WASHINGTON - The U.S. Justice Department lifted a school desegregation order from 1966 in Louisiana this week, calling its continued existence a "historical wrong."
Officials with the department also suggested that others dating to the Civil Rights Movement should be reconsidered, according to the Associated Press.
Here’s what to know:
School desegregation order lifted by Justice Department
The backstory:
Dozens of school districts across the South remain under court-enforced agreements dictating steps to work toward integration, decades after the Supreme Court struck down racial segregation in education. Some see the court orders' endurance as a sign the government never eradicated segregation, while officials in Louisiana and at some schools see the orders as bygone relics that should be wiped away.
What we know:
The Justice Department ended the 1966 legal agreement with Plaquemines Parish schools, located in the Mississippi River Delta Basin in southeast Louisiana, according to an announcement on Tuesday. The Trump administration called the Plaquemines case an example of administrative neglect. The district was found to have integrated in 1975, but the case was to stay under the court’s watch for another year. The judge died the same year, and the court record "appears to be lost to time," according to a court filing.
Assistant Attorney General Harmeet Dhillon said the end of the 1966 legal agreement shows the Trump administration is "getting America refocused on our bright future."
Dig deeper:
The Justice Department opened a wave of cases in the 1960s, after Congress unleashed the department to go after schools that resisted desegregation. Known as consent decrees, the orders can be lifted when districts prove they have eliminated segregation and its legacy.
Plaquemines Superintendent Shelley Ritz said Justice Department officials still visited every year as recently as 2023 and requested data on topics including hiring and discipline. She said the paperwork was a burden for her district of fewer than 4,000 students, noting how it was "hours of compiling the data."
What they're saying:
"Given that this case has been stayed for a half-century with zero action by the court, the parties or any third-party, the parties are satisfied that the United States’ claims have been fully resolved," according to a joint filing from the Justice Department and the office of Louisiana Attorney General Liz Murrill.
Louisiana "got its act together decades ago," said Leo Terrell, senior counsel to the Civil Rights Division at the Justice Department, in a statement. He said the dismissal corrects a historical wrong, adding it’s "past time to acknowledge how far we have come."
Murrill asked the Justice Department to close other school orders in her state. In a statement, she vowed to work with Louisiana schools to help them "put the past in the past."
The other side:
Civil rights activists say that's the wrong move. Many orders have been only loosely enforced in recent decades, but that doesn't mean problems are solved, said Johnathan Smith, who worked in the Justice Department's Civil Rights Division during President Joe Biden's administration.
"It probably means the opposite — that the school district remains segregated. And in fact, most of these districts are now more segregated today than they were in 1954," said Smith, who is now chief of staff and general counsel for the National Center for Youth Law.
What's next:
Inside the Justice Department, officials appointed by President Donald Trump have expressed desire to withdraw from other desegregation orders they see as an unnecessary burden on schools, according to the Associated Press, citing a person familiar with the issue who was granted anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly.
Ending the orders would send a signal that desegregation is no longer a priority, Robert Westley, a professor of antidiscrimination law at Tulane University Law School in New Orleans, told the AP.
"It’s really just signaling that the backsliding that has started some time ago is complete," Westley said. "The United States government doesn’t really care anymore of dealing with problems of racial discrimination in the schools. It’s over."
What do school desegregation orders entail?
Big picture view:
More than 130 school systems are under Justice Department desegregation orders, according to records in a court filing this year. The vast majority are in Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi, with smaller numbers in states like Florida, Louisiana and South Carolina. Some other districts remain under separate desegregation agreements with the Education Department.
The orders can include a range of remedies, from busing requirements to district policies allowing students in predominately Black schools to transfer to predominately white ones. The agreements are between the school district and the U.S. government, but other parties can ask the court to intervene when signs of segregation resurface.
The Source: This story was reported citing an announcement by the U.S. Justice Department Office of Public Affairs on April 29, 2025. It also includes reported by the Associated Press. It was reported from Cincinnati, and the AP contributed.